BUYING & SELLING

CBS Law Professional Corporation is ready to assist you with all your needs, providing legal assistance in real estate matters tailored to your specific situation such as:
  • Purchase or Sale of Real Estate
  • Refinance & Mortgage Transfer
  • Preparation and Review of Agreements of Purchase and Sale
  • Transfer of Real Estate Property & Survivorship Applications
  • Condominium Agreements
  • Review Status certificate of condominium
  • Obtaining Variances and Severances
  • Preconstruction property transactions, including reviews of agreements, assignment purchases and sales.
  • Lease to Own
Contact us today to obtain a free quote or to speak with real estate Lawyer for a no-obligation consultation.

DRAFTING AGREEMENTS

Purchase and Sale Agreements

An Agreement of Purchase and Sale is a legally binding written contract between a buyer and a seller in a real estate transaction. This document outlines the terms and conditions of the property sale, including details such as the purchase price, closing date, and any specific conditions or contingencies that must be met for the sale to proceed. The agreement serves as a fundamental document in the homebuying process, providing clarity and legal protection for both parties involved in the transaction.
Once both parties have agreed to the terms and signed the agreement, it becomes a binding contract, setting the framework for the transfer of ownership, the written contract cannot be withdrawn without the consent of both parties.

Selling Home by Private Sale in Ontario

The success of a real estate transaction is dependent on the importance of the Agreement of Purchase and Sale.” At times, a homebuyer and seller may choose to enter into a direct agreement for the purchase and sale of a home through a private sale, excluding the involvement of any agents to avoid paying commissions. While this approach may seem cost-effective, it comes with associated risks. It is crucial to understand the significant importance of involving your real estate agent or real estate lawyer in the process to properly draft agreements and ensure comprehensive protection.

Why is it important to have a real estate lawyer review or draft a Purchase and Sale Agreement?

In every real estate transaction, whether or not a real estate agent is involved, it is essential to have a written agreement for buying or selling property. While it's not mandatory to engage a lawyer for drafting this agreement, it is highly advisable. These agreements, akin to typical legal contracts, are intricate and require careful attention. If not executed correctly, significant legal and financial complications may arise.
Real estate lawyers contribute more than mere drafting or review of these agreements. They assist buyers by conducting an examination of property titles, ensuring proper documentation sharing, and safeguarding against potential fraud or title-related issues. Additionally, they address common challenges encountered in real estate transactions, including:

Selling Home by Private Sale in Ontario

The success of a real estate transaction is dependent on the importance of the Agreement of Purchase and Sale.” At times, a homebuyer and seller may choose to enter into a direct agreement for the purchase and sale of a home through a private sale, excluding the involvement of any agents to avoid paying commissions. While this approach may seem cost-effective, it comes with associated risks. It is crucial to understand the significant importance of involving your real estate agent or real estate lawyer in the process to properly draft agreements and ensure comprehensive protection.
  • Legal: Real estate transactions involve complex legal language and nuances. A lawyer is trained to understand the intricacies of these documents, ensuring that the APS accurately reflects the intentions of both parties.
  • Identifying Liens: A real estate lawyer conducts thorough title searches to identify any existing liens on the property. This helps prevent future disputes and ensures clear ownership for the buyer.
  • Fraud Protection: Lawyers are skilled at recognizing potential fraud or misrepresentation in property transactions, safeguarding clients from financial loss and legal entanglements.
  • Title Verification: Lawyers verify the legal ownership of the property, ensuring that the seller has the legal right to transfer ownership. This safeguards the buyer from purchasing a property from someone who may not be the rightful owner.
  • Boundary Disputes: Lawyers review property surveys to address any conflicts between asserted property lines and legal documentation, preventing disputes over boundaries in the future.
  • Construction Defects: During the home inspection process, a lawyer can identify and address construction defects, protecting the buyer from unexpected repair costs post-purchase.
  • Heritage Designations: Lawyers can identify any municipal heritage designations that may limit the owner's ability to renovate or alter the property. This ensures that buyers are aware of and understand any restrictions.
  • Municipal Projects: Lawyers assess potential interference from planned municipal projects, such as road or rail construction, ensuring that buyers are informed about any potential disruptions to the property.
Engaging the services of a real estate lawyer when you're drafting or reviewing a Purchase and Sale Agreement is a wise choice. It simplifies dealing with the complex legal matters and reduces the chances of issues arising. Additionally, it ensures that both the buyer and seller are protected and well-supported.

CHATTLES & FIXTURES

Why are Chattels part of the purchase and sale agreement?

In certain situations, there may be a lack of awareness regarding the specific characteristics of fixtures and chattels among involved parties in a real estate deal. Therefore, I occasionally come across sale agreements where the section dedicated to chattels contains no information or is left incomplete. This absence of details in the chattels section can give rise to uncertainties and may necessitate additional steps to ensure a clear and comprehensive understanding between both the buyer and seller.
Certainly, the two key points presented in a different way:
  • Chattels: By default, a chattel is considered excluded from the purchase unless the sale agreement explicitly includes it.
  • Fixtures: On the contrary, a fixture is presumed to be included in the sale unless there is a clear and explicit exclusion stated in the agreement.

Example: When purchasing a home, you may want some items owned by the seller, such as furniture, to be included in the deal. These are called chattel. It's essential to clearly state what you want in the agreement when buying and selling. Your real estate agent should specify the items you prefer. Sometimes, what you expect to receive (a leather sofa chair) may not be what you find when you move in (perhaps they left a simple chair). This can happen if the agreement only mentions "chair" without providing details. Therefore, it's crucial to be precise in the agreement to avoid surprises later.

JOINT VS. COMMON TENANCY

What is difference between Joint Tenancy and tenancy in common?

The concepts of Joint Tenancy and Tenancy in Common, are different ways in which property can be held and owned.

Joint Tenancy:

Joint tenancy is a legal arrangement in real estate where two or more individuals hold property together with equal rights and obligations. Each joint tenant has an undivided, equal interest in the property, and they share equally in its expenses and benefits.
A defining characteristic of joint tenancy is the right of survivorship, which means that when one joint tenant passes away, their interest in the property automatically transfers to the surviving joint tenant(s). This transfer of ownership occurs directly and immediately, bypassing traditional estate processes like probate.

For example, if three people own a property as joint tenants and one of them dies, the remaining two automatically become the sole owners of the property, each now holding a 50% interest.

For example, if Anne and John, who are married, own a house as joint tenants, and Anne passes away, John automatically becomes the sole owner of the house.

Tenancy in Common:

Tenancy in Common is a form of property co-ownership where two or more individuals own separate and distinct shares of the same property. Unlike joint tenancy, the shares in tenancy in common can be unequal and each tenant can dispose of their share independently, either by selling it or bequeathing it through a will. This form of ownership does not include the right of survivorship; therefore, if one tenant passes away, their share of the property becomes part of their estate and is passed on to their heirs or as directed in their will, rather than automatically transferring to the surviving co-tenants. Tenants in common also have the flexibility to sell or mortgage their share without the consent of the other tenants.

For example, if Mike, Sarah, and Emma own a property as tenants in common, with Mike owning 50% and Sarah and Emma each owning 25%, each of them can sell their share independently. If Mike passes away, his 50% share can be inherited by his heirs, not automatically passed to Sarah and Emma.

In summary, joint tenancy involves equal ownership with the right of survivorship, tenancy in common allows for shared ownership without survivorship rights.
CBS Law Professional Corporation offers expert advice on your property co-ownership decision, whether it involves joint tenancy or tenancy in common. We can help you understand the advantages and obligations that come with each ownership type. For any queries regarding the purchase or sale of your property, feel free to reach out to us.

TRANSFER OF TITLE

If you want to add or remove someone from a property title, CBS Law Professional Corporation can help. Title transfers happen for different reasons, like adding someone for planning your belongings or taking someone off during a breakup. Whether you're changing ownership for personal or financial reasons, we're here to guide you through it.
CBS Law Professional Corporation provides services related to transfers of title for various circumstances. This is a valuable service, as transferring title can involve legal complexities and it's crucial to ensure that the process is executed correctly.
  • Adding Someone to the Title: Adding someone to the title means that the property ownership will be shared, and the new owner will have legal rights and responsibilities.
  • Removing Someone from the Title: This might be necessary in cases of matrimonial or common-law separation. When relationships change, individuals or, with court orders, may require the removal of a spouse or partner from the title, thereby altering the legal ownership of the property.
  • Survivorship Application: In situations where individuals hold title jointly with someone who has passed away, a Survivorship Application is required. This process ensures that the surviving joint owner(s) legally inherit the deceased person's share of the property. This step is essential before any resale of the property can take place.
  • Matrimonial or Common Law Separation: Transferring title during or after a separation is a common scenario. It involves adjusting ownership to reflect the changed circumstances and agreements between the parties involved.
  • Estate Planning: Adding or removing individuals from the title can also be part of a broader estate planning strategy. This may involve transferring ownership to family members, heirs, or other beneficiaries.
"If you need assistance with transferring property ownership, it is encouraged to consult with CBS Law Professional Corporation. They can provide personalized advice to ensure the process is legal and goes smoothly."

LAND TRANSFER TAX REBATE

If you fit the definition of a first-time buyer, you may be eligible for a refund of the provincial land transfer tax — an expense that’s typically part of the closing costs you’ll be required to pay.

For conveyances or dispositions that occur before January 1, 2017, the maximum amount of the refund is $2,000.

Beginning January 1, 2017, the maximum amount of the refund is $4,000. The increased limit of $4,000 applies only to conveyances or dispositions that occur on or after January 1, 2017, regardless of the date the agreement of purchase and sale was signed.

Beginning January 1, 2017, no land transfer tax would be payable by qualifying first time purchasers on the first $368,000 of the value of the consideration for eligible homes. First time purchasers of homes greater than $368,000 would receive a maximum refund of $4,000.

To qualify for the full refund, you must:

  • Be at least 18 years old.
  • Be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada.
  • Live in the home as your principal residence within nine months of registering it in your name.

To qualify for the refund, you must apply for it within 18 months of registration.

For married homeowners, a spouse’s property history can affect the size of the refund. If your spouse acquired property individually while the two of you have been married, for example, neither of you would be eligible to claim the exemption, even if the next purchase is your first home. But if your spouse’s property was purchased or inherited before you got married, you may still be able to claim a full or partial refund.

You cannot re qualify as a first time homebuyer. This rule may be different from other federal programs for first time homebuyers (e.g., the Canada Revenue Agency Home Buyers' Plan).

CONDOMINIUM

When you buy a condominium unit, you acquire exclusive ownership of the unit and a shared interest, along with other unit owners, in the rest of the complex.

……If buying a new condominium unit, buyers have the right to cancel the contract within ten days for any reason. This option isn't available when buying a resale condominium

…..There are restrictions on what you can do within and with your unit.

…..The Tarion New Home Warranty Program is also applicable to new condominium units.

Agreeing to Buy a Condominium

When you buy a condominium, you might not just be buying the apartment itself. You might also be buying a parking space and a locker. These are different types of ownership, and each one needs its own title search. Sometimes, the numbers on the lockers and parking spaces don't match their official legal numbers.

Your lawyer has several tasks to do. They need to understand the legal structure of the condominium. They check if the seller has paid all their condo fees and if there are any legal claims (liens) against the condo for unpaid fees. The lawyer also checks if the property manager knows about any repairs that need to be done to your unit, along with the rules of the condominium.

All this information is in a set of documents called a "status certificate," which you get from the property manager. If this certificate shows any problems, the purchase agreement should be changed to make the seller fix these issues before you buy. If not, these problems will become your responsibility after the purchase.

STATUS CERTIFICATE

Status certificates are particularly important for prospective buyers of resale condos as these documents contain key information about a unit of interest and the corporation. Anyone can request a Status certificate, and the condominium corporation must provide it within 10 days of receiving payment.

What do status certificates contain?

Status certificates may contain:

  • A copy of the condo corporation’s current declaration, by-laws and rules
  • A copy of the budget for the current fiscal year, last annual audited financial statements and the auditor’s report
  • A statement on the most recent reserve fund study and the state of the reserve fund
  • A statement of the common expenses for the unit and if the unit’s in arrears of payment
  • A statement of the increase in common expenses and the reason, if applicable
  • A statement detailing if any special assessments were charged to the unit since the current year’s budget and the reason for the assessments
  • Names and addresses for service for the directors and officers of the condo corporation
  • Certificate of insurance for all current insurance policies
  • If there are any outstanding legal judgments against the condo corporation, or if the condo corporation is involved in any ongoing litigation.

Why status certificates are important?

Status Certificates contain critical information and supporting documents that help buyers make informed decisions. Buyers should review these with their legal counsel.

Closing on Your Condominium

If you’ve purchased a new pre-construction condo, you must have come across two concepts of closing – the ‘Interim Closing or Interim Occupancy,’ and the ‘Final Closing.’

First, when your unit is ready to move into, you pay part of your down payment. Then, for several months, you'll pay a fee called an "occupancy fee" to the builder. This fee is like rent. You pay this until the title of the condo can be transferred to you. The builder can only transfer ownership after the entire condominium project is officially registered by the Ontario government, which happens once all units are nearly finished. You'll pay the rest of the purchase price on the final closing date. This is also when your mortgage and the Land Transfer Tax are registered.

It's important to remember that this information is very general. Not every point may apply to your specific situation. Always consult your own lawyer to understand how these issues apply to you.

PURCHASING RURAL PROPERTY

Building and Zoning Implications

Before purchasing rural property in Ontario, it's essential to understand the building and zoning implications, as they significantly influence how you can use and develop the land. Zoning by laws vary by municipality and dictate permissible uses for land, types of structures allowed, and their sizes. If your plans include construction or major renovations, obtaining building permits is mandatory to comply with local building codes for safety and design. Rural properties often fall under the scope of environmental and conservation regulations, especially if near sensitive areas like wetlands or water bodies. Additionally, septic and well regulations are crucial for rural setups lacking municipal services. Prospective buyers should also consider land division controls for future subdivisions, the potential heritage designation of properties, legal access issues, property tax implications, and any upcoming area development plans. Seeking advice from a real estate lawyer in rural properties is advisable for navigating these complexities.

Does the property have a well for its water supply and/or rely on a septic system for sewage management?

When considering the purchase of a rural property in Ontario, it's common to encounter properties that rely on a well for water and a septic system for wastewater disposal. Before proceeding with the purchase, it's crucial to include specific conditions in the Agreement of Purchase and Sale to ensure these systems are in good working order.

Conditions on well Inspection and Water Quality Testing

In the Agreement of Purchase and Sale for a rural property in Ontario, the buyer is entitled to have a professional inspection of the well system to evaluate its overall condition, including the physical state of the well and its components. Additionally, the buyer has the right to conduct water quality tests on the well water to check for potability and contaminants such as bacteria and nitrates/nitrites, ensuring that the water meets the safety standards set by local health authorities.

Conditions on Septic Tank Inspection

Under the Agreement of Purchase and Sale, the buyer is responsible for arranging a thorough inspection of the septic system by a certified inspector, who will evaluate the tank, pipes, and drainage field for their condition and compliance with environmental and health regulations. Following the inspection, the inspector will provide a detailed report, highlighting any necessary repairs or modifications needed to meet regulatory standards.

Including these conditions in your Agreement of Purchase and Sale helps protect your interests by ensuring that you have essential information about the well and septic system before finalizing the purchase. This approach provides an opportunity to address any concerns and negotiate repairs or adjustments to the purchase price based on the inspection results.

Lawful access by a road

When purchasing a rural property, road access can be more complex compared to urban properties. Typically, in urban areas, the roads leading to properties are public and maintained by the municipality. However, in rural settings, properties are often situated next to private roads. If the private road isn't part of the property you're buying, it's crucial for your lawyer to ensure that you have legal access to your property. This access could be through an owned segment of the road or via a legally established easement. This verification is a key step in the purchasing process to avoid future access issues.

Planning Act Contraventions

Rural properties are generally not part of a plan of subdivision, CBS Law Professional Corporation will check for any Planning Act contraventions as part of our title search process.

During the title search process, will verify that rural properties, which typically aren't included in a subdivision plan, comply with the Planning Act and don't have any related infringements.